Diabetes

In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little or no insulin which is vital for converting glucose into energy.  People with Type 1 diabetes need to do the job of the pancreas and replace the insulin via insulin injection or insulin pump.  the insulin acts to reduce the level of glucose in the blood.  

Type 1 diabetes is a life threatening condition which needs to be closely managed with daily care.  Type 1 diabetes is managed with:

• insulin replacement through lifelong insulin injections (up to 6 everyday) or use of an insulin pump
• Monitoring of blood glucose levels regularly ( up to 6 times everyday or as directed by a doctor or Credentialled Diabetes Educator)
• Following a healthy diet and able to do carbohydrate counting (directed by an Accredited practising dietitian)
• Taking regular exercise 

In Type 2 diabetes, your pancreas is still working but not as effectively as it needs to.  This means your body is building insulin resistance and is unable to effectively convert glucose into energy leaving too much glucose in the blood.  Type 2 diabetes can sometimes initially be managed through lifestyle modification including a healthy diet, regular exercise and monitoring your blood glucose levels.  

• Having a balanced meal, good portion control helps manage your blood glucose levels and your body weight
• Exercising helps the insulin work more effectively, lowers your blood pressure and reduces the risk of heart disease.
• Regular blood glucose monitoring tests whether the treatment being followed is helping to manage blood glucose levels or whether you need to adjust your treatment 

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is diagnosed during pregnancy when your body cannot cope with the extra demand for insulin production resulting in high blood glucose levels.   Effective management of GDM will reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy and the birth of your baby. Because you are pregnant, obtaining adequate nutrients for yourself and your baby is as important as having good blood glucose control.  

GDM can often be managed with 

• healthy balanced meal and good portion control 
• regular physical activity.  
• regular blood glucose monitoring tests

However, for some women, insulin injections will be necessary for their pregnancy.  Approximately 10-20% of women will need insulin. But once the baby is born, usually insulin is no longer need. And insulin injection is safe for both you and your baby.